Final answer:
The statement that each B cell can form its own unique antibody genes through somatic recombination is true. Various combinations of V, D, and J gene segments are rearranged during B cell maturation to generate a vast array of unique antibodies, each with a distinct antigen-binding specificity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Somatic recombination by B cells allows each B cell to form its own unique antibody genes. This statement is true. During the maturation process of a B cell, an enzyme called DNA recombinase randomly excises V (variable) and J (joining) segments from the light chain gene of the immunoglobulin. This enables each B cell to produce a unique antibody with a unique variable region, which is capable of binding to a different antigen.
The rearrangement of gene segments encoding antibody polypeptides occurs at the DNA level to generate an enormous diversity of antibody molecules. This genetic rearrangement involves the use of hundreds of gene segments to provide a wide variety of receptor specificities. Notably, the rearrangement includes different combinations of V, D (diversity), and J segments for the heavy chain or just V and J for the light chain of the antibody. This process results in millions of unique antigen-binding sites.
The outcome of this intricate process is that each antibody has its own unique gene in the DNA, which explains the differing antigen-binding properties of antibodies. The specificity of binding is vital for the immune system to recognize, bind, and eliminate a wide range of antigens encountered by the body. Moreover, plasma B cells can produce cytokines, aiding in the swift response to pathogens by memory B cells through antibody production.