Final answer:
The term for an irrational fear or dislike of cultures different from one's own is xenophobia. Ethnocentrism, on the other hand, describes the belief in the superiority of one's own culture. Examples of xenophobic attitudes can be found in groups like PEGIDA, which opposes immigration in Germany.
Step-by-step explanation:
The irrational fear or hatred of another culture is known as xenophobia. This term often applies to individuals who have an unreasonable fear or dislike of people from other countries or cultural backgrounds. Notably, in modern times, instances of xenophobia can manifest in numerous societal spheres including politics, where certain groups may arise in opposition to immigration. For example, the ultranationalist group PEGIDA in Germany has garnered attention for its stance against the immigration of Muslim refugees.
In contrast, the belief that one's culture is superior to all others is termed ethnocentrism. It's different from xenophobia in that ethnocentrism doesn't necessarily involve fear, but rather an often misguided pride and bias towards one's own culture, sometimes going as far as considering other cultures as inferior.