Final answer:
The classic study by Hartshorne et al. (1928) found that children's behavior can vary depending on the situation. Situational factors such as rewards, punishments, and social pressure can influence whether children behave honestly or dishonestly.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the classic study by Hartshorne, May, Maller, and Shuttleworth (1928), the authors found that children can behave honestly or dishonestly depending on the situation. This study highlights the influence of situational factors on human behavior, suggesting that behavior is not solely determined by individual traits or characteristics. Situational variables such as rewards, punishments, and social pressure can shape and influence behavior. For example, a child may behave honestly if they believe they will be rewarded for it, but may behave dishonestly if they perceive that there is no risk of punishment.