Final answer:
The terms phototroph and chemotroph refer to an organism's source of energy. Phototrophs use light, while chemotrophs use chemical compounds for energy. Chemolitoautotrophs are a type of chemotroph that get energy from chemicals and carbon from inorganic sources.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms phototroph and chemotroph refer to an organism's source of energy. Phototrophs are organisms that utilize light as an energy source for electron transfer, while chemotrophs derive their energy from the breakdown of chemical compounds. Within the chemotrophs, we have organotrophs and lithotrophs; organotrophs get energy from organic compounds, and lithotrophs obtain energy from inorganic compounds.
To answer the review question, an organism that obtains its energy from the transfer of electrons originating from chemical compounds and its carbon from an inorganic source is best described by the keywords chemolitoautotroph. Hence, option c from the provided choices is the correct one. Furthermore, chemoheterotrophs, mentioned in the review questions, obtain both their energy and carbon from organic sources.