Final answer:
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. Symptoms include increased thirst and frequent urination. Treatment often includes lifestyle changes, medications, and potentially insulin therapy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that leads to persistently high levels of blood glucose. The main cause of this condition is the body's inability to produce sufficient insulin or the body's cells' resistance to the action of insulin. As a result, glucose is not effectively taken up by cells, leading to high blood sugar, or hyperglycemia. The primary symptoms of diabetes mellitus include increased thirst, frequent urination, and in some cases, unexplained weight loss. These symptoms occur because the kidneys excrete more urine to rid the blood of excess glucose, which also triggers increased thirst due to loss of water.
There are two major types of diabetes mellitus: type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Both types share similar symptoms but have different causes. Type 1 diabetes is due to the pancreas's inability to produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes is often associated with insulin resistance. Treatment for diabetes generally involves making lifestyle changes such as healthy eating and increased physical activity, which can enhance insulin sensitivity. Some individuals may also require medications or insulin therapy depending on the type and severity of diabetes.