Final answer:
The James-Lange theory of emotion states that physiological reactions precede emotions, meaning that an individual first experiences physiological changes and then feels the emotion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The James-Lange theory of emotion posits that physiological reactions precede emotions. This theory suggests that an individual will first experience a physiological response, such as an increased heart rate or respiration, and only after this response will they experience the emotion associated with that reaction. For example, if you encounter a venomous snake, according to the James-Lange theory, you would notice your heart racing and your breathing speeding up, and then as a result of these physiological changes, you would feel fear.
Other theories of emotion such as the Cannon-Bard and Schachter-Singer two-factor theories suggest different relationships between physiological responses and emotional experiences. However, the James-Lange theory specifically asserts that the physiological arousal comes first and leads to the emotional experience second. This notion is supported by studies showing that even when individuals cannot perceive their physiological changes due to spinal injuries, their emotions are still present, albeit potentially with lower intensity.