Final answer:
Isaac Newton's statement, 'Every action has an equal and opposite reaction,' refers to Newton's third law of motion. Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. Newton's statement that 'The force of gravity depends on the mass of the objects involved' is referring to Newton's universal law of gravitation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Isaac Newton's statement, 'Every action has an equal and opposite reaction,' refers to Newton's third law of motion. According to this law, for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. This means that when an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction on the first object. For example, when you push a wall, the wall pushes back with the same force.
Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. This means that the force applied to an object will cause it to accelerate, and the greater the force or the smaller the mass, the greater the acceleration. For instance, if you apply a greater force to a basketball compared to a bowling ball, the basketball will experience a greater acceleration.
Finally, Newton's statement that 'The force of gravity depends on the mass of the objects involved' is referring to Newton's universal law of gravitation. This law states that the force of gravity between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. So, the greater the mass of the objects, the greater the force of gravity between them.