Final answer:
A person making a facilitation payment for the greater good of her company and employees would be considered a utilitarian. The view that wealthier nations can positively influence poorer nations is associated with modernization theorists, whereas noting that economic dominance by core nations often harms low-income nations is a perspective of dependency theorists. An employee who lobbies for their employer is known as an in-house lobbyist.
Step-by-step explanation:
A person who offers a facilitation payment to secure a contract and thus prevent her company from going bankrupt, thereby saving hundreds of employees from layoffs, may be best described as a utilitarian. This ethical perspective is known as utilitarianism, which advocates for actions that maximize overall happiness or utility. A utilitarian makes decisions based on the outcome that provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In business ethics, this view supports actions that benefit employees, shareholders, and the community at large, even if they involve difficult or morally ambiguous decisions.
For the question that involves a perspective theorist finding it noteworthy that corporations improve life in peripheral nations, the corresponding term would be modernization theorist. This approach emphasizes how economic and social development in poorer nations can lead to positive changes through the influence of wealthier nations.
When a sociologist highlights how core nations dominate the global economy and create interest rates and tariffs that favor high-income nations over low-income ones, they are typically referred to as dependency theorists. Dependency theory suggests that the economic development of nations is interconnected and that wealthy countries often maintain their prosperity at the expense of poorer countries.
Lastly, someone who lobbies on behalf of their employer as part of their job is referred to as an in-house lobbyist. This role involves advocating for the interests of their employer within the political and legislative landscapes to influence policy and decision-making.