Final answer:
Problem-focused coping involves proactive methods to address the stressor directly, such as developing a study plan for a failing class, whereas emotion-focused coping seeks to alleviate the emotional distress and is used when the stressor is uncontrollable.
Step-by-step explanation:
Attempting to alleviate stress by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor is known as problem-focused coping. This type of coping strategy involves proactively dealing with the root causes of stress, much like solving a problem, by identifying issues and implementing practical solutions. For instance, a student failing a class might engage in problem-focused coping by creating a study schedule, seeking extra help, or discussing grades with the instructor.
An alternative strategy, emotion-focused coping, is used when stressors are perceived as uncontrollable. It aims to reduce the emotional distress associated with the stressor rather than addressing the stressor itself. Examples might include seeking distractions, reinterpreting the stressor in a more positive light, or focusing on the emotional support from others.