Final answer:
The false statement regarding what can be seen during the totality portion of a total solar eclipse is that you can see a 'true moon phase.' During totality, one can safely observe the corona and stars without eye protection, but the Moon does not exhibit a phase.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that makes a false claim is 'D. See a true moon phase' during the totality portion of a total solar eclipse. When the Moon completely covers the Sun during a total solar eclipse, the Moon does not show any particular phase to the observers on Earth since the Sun's light is being blocked, and what is seen is the silhouette of the Moon against the Sun. On the other hand, it is safe and, indeed, a rare opportunity to observe the upper layers of the Sun's atmosphere and witness the corona during the brief period of totality without any eye protection.
During the period of totality, it is also true that you can see the planets and some bright stars, as the sky becomes dark enough for them to be visible. Additionally, the rumor that observing an eclipse can cause permanent blindness has been misapplied to the totality phase of an eclipse. It is distinct from the danger of observing the partial phases without protection. While it is extremely dangerous to look at the Sun directly during a partial eclipse or when it's not eclipsed, this does not apply to the brief phase of total eclipse, where it is indeed safe to observe the totally eclipsed Sun.