Final answer:
Fredrik Barth's research on Swat valley focuses on the symbiotic relationship between the Pathans and Gujars, the nomadic lifestyle of the Gujars, their use of marginal environments for subsistence, and the Kohistanis as original settlers, without supporting the claim of continuous warfare between armed Pashtuns and Gujars.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Fredrik Barth, several points are relevant for understanding the inter-ethnic relations within the Swat valley. Barth highlighted that the Pathans (Pashtuns) and Gujars have a symbiotic relationship, demonstrating how different groups can coexist in a mutually beneficial way. Additionally, he observed that the Gujars are a nomadic group within the valley, adapting to the environment through their migratory lifestyle. Barth's research also showed that weaker ethnic groups, like the Gujars, often exploit marginal environments for subsistence. Finally, the Kohistanis are noted as original settlers of the Swat valley. This provides a historical context for the current ethnic composition of the region. Barth’s work does not support the claim that there is continuous warfare between armed Pashtuns and Gujars, which is critical in understanding the actual dynamics of intergroup relations in the Swat valley.