Final answer:
There are two kinds of cells in the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): cells responsible for calcium recovery, regulated by PTH and calcitriol, and in the Collecting Duct (CD), principal cells and intercalated cells, which handle electrolyte and acid-base balance respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking about the two kinds of cells found in the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) and the Collecting Duct (CD) of the kidney's nephron. In the DCT, the primary cells are those that recover calcium (Ca++) from the filtrate, which involves mechanisms regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol. The DCT cells have receptors for PTH; when PTH binds, calcium channels are inserted into the luminal surface, enhancing calcium recovery. These cells also contain large numbers of mitochondria for ion transport.
Meanwhile, within the Collecting Ducts, the two distinct cell types are principal cells and intercalated cells. Principal cells are responsible for the recovery or loss of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), while the intercalated cells assist in the balance of pH by secreting or absorbing acid or bicarbonate. These cells display a variety of pumps and channels integral to the function of the nephron.