Final answer:
Russian empire building was focused on land expansion and was characterized by an autocratic government overseeing a diverse, agricultural-based population, whereas the Spanish Empire, with its maritime endeavors, sought wealth in overseas colonies and implemented centralized governance. So, the correct option is b) Both were characterized by a strong centralized government.
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing the empire building in Russia with that of the Spanish, we see distinct strategies and characteristics in their expansion and governance. Russian empire building was largely overland, focusing on closing the ranks with European powers in the eastward and central Asian directions.
It engaged in continual warfare, including resistance to Napoleon's invasion and various uprisings within its borders.
The Tsars of Russia, as autocratic rulers, managed to create a vast empire with a diverse population, which presented a formidable administrative challenge. On the other hand, the Spanish Empire centered around maritime expeditions, establishing overseas colonies, and extracting wealth through mercantilist policies.
Both empires did have strong centralized governments but differed greatly in their scope and methods of expansion, with Russia being primarily agrarian and the Spanish focused on the wealth from their colonies.
So, the correct option is b) Both were characterized by a strong centralized government.