Final answer:
The statement 'Kant argued that ethics cannot be based upon consequences' is broadly true.
Step-by-step explanation:
Immanuel Kant's approach to ethics is deontological, meaning it focuses on the intrinsic nature of actions and the intentions behind them rather than their consequences. In his ethical system, an action is right only if it can be universalized without contradiction and is performed out of duty. Kant distinguished between perfect duties, which are obligations that must be followed without exception, and imperfect duties, which allow for some interpretation based on circumstances.
Sir William David Ross, another deontologist, acknowledged that consequences are morally relevant, but saw them in the context of our moral duties. This nuanced view doesn't dismiss consequences entirely, but does not place them at the center of ethical considerations.