Final answer:
It is true that race and ethnicity should be considered to correct potential biases in standardized testing. This approach helps address systemic biases that may affect test outcomes due to historical inequalities in education and socioeconomic factors. The correct option is a. true
Step-by-step explanation:
The assertion that race and ethnicity should be taken into account to correct for possible bias in standardized tests is true.
One reason for considering race and ethnicity is to address and rectify systematic biases embedded within standardized testing methodologies.
These biases may not be intentional but can arise from historical patterns of discrimination in educational resources, cultural knowledge gaps, and socioeconomic disparities.
As critical race theorists and others argue, the structure of many educational tests may inadvertently perpetuate a status quo that disadvantages certain racial and ethnic groups, especially if past discriminatory practices have influenced an individual's learning environment and opportunities.
Some examples of biases might include the cultural knowledge required to answer certain IQ test questions or the historical underfunding of schools traditionally attended by minority students affecting their test preparation.
Affirmative action policies in higher education, as seen through pivotal cases like Bakke v. California and Grutter v. Bollinger, reflect attempts to counteract such disparities by considering race as one factor among others in college admissions decisions. The correct option is a. true