Final answer:
Scientific management focuses on optimizing efficiency and productivity in the workplace using scientific methods, while administrative management focuses on the overall organization and coordination of administrative functions. The major differences arise in their primary focus and historical context.
Step-by-step explanation:
Scientific management and administrative management are two different approaches to management. Scientific management focuses on optimizing efficiency and productivity in the workplace by using scientific methods to analyze and improve work processes. Administrative management, on the other hand, focuses on the overall organization and coordination of the administrative functions within an organization.
One major difference between scientific management and administrative management is their primary focus. Scientific management is primarily concerned with improving the efficiency of individual tasks and work processes. It emphasizes time and motion studies, standardization, and division of labor to achieve maximum productivity. Administrative management, on the other hand, is concerned with the overall organization and coordination of administrative activities. It deals with issues such as organizational structure, decision-making processes, and the roles and responsibilities of managers.
Another difference between scientific management and administrative management is their origin and historical context. Scientific management was pioneered by Frederick Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It emerged as a response to the need for increased efficiency and productivity in industrial settings. Administrative management, on the other hand, traces its roots back to the work of Henri Fayol and Max Weber in the early 20th century. It was developed as a response to the growing complexities of managing large organizations.