Final answer:
The historical perspective involves three approaches: the presentist, which can lead to present-centered biases; the contextualist, emphasizing historical and cultural contexts; and the hermeneutic, combining elements of both to address historical texts with consideration of contemporary relevance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three viewpoints under the historical perspective are the presentist approach, the contextualist approach, and the hermeneutic approach. Presentist approach interprets philosophical texts in relation to current concerns, potentially leading to anachronistic errors. The contextualist approach focuses on understanding philosophy within its historical and cultural contexts, possibly missing its lasting value. Lastly, the hermeneutic approach aims to synthesize the strengths of both the presentist and contextualist approaches, considering both historical context and contemporary relevance.
From a historical standpoint, it is essential to avoid the assumption that history progresses towards a set goal and to be mindful of the biases that shape our interpretation of historical events. Historians and philosophers must work to recognize their own perspectives as products of the present, understanding that future iterations may view their present as a past, offering a different interpretation informed by the context of that future time.