Final answer:
Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms, while systematics focuses on determining their evolutionary relationships. Both fields are closely related to phylogeny, which represents the evolutionary history and relationships among species. The taxonomic classification system consists of different levels, and systematics and taxonomy are used to construct phylogenetic trees.
Step-by-step explanation:
Taxonomy is the science or technique of naming and classifying organisms based on their characteristics, while systematics is the study of organisms to determine their evolutionary relationships. These two fields are closely related to phylogeny, which refers to the evolutionary history and relationships among species.
The taxonomic classification system consists of different levels, including species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom. Each level represents a different degree of relatedness among organisms.
Systematics and taxonomy are used to build phylogenetic trees, which are visual representations of evolutionary relationships. A phylogenetic tree includes components such as branch points, which represent the divergence of species from a common ancestor, and basal taxa, which are branches that have not diverged significantly from the root ancestor.