Final answer:
The process of translation involves using mRNA as a template to synthesize a polypeptide. Specific codon-anticodon matching guides the addition of amino acids to the growing protein chain, starting with AUG for methionine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The translation process in biology is when ribosomes synthesize proteins using the genetic information encoded in mRNA. Template and synthesized product matching in translation refers to how the genetic code on the mRNA template directs the sequence of amino acids in the synthesized polypeptide product. The ribosome moves along the mRNA template, interpreting each codon (three-nucleotide sequence) into its corresponding amino acid via transfer RNA (tRNA) with complementary anticodons. The starting codon is typically AUG, which codes for methionine, thus initiating the process.
The proper matching in translation can be summarized as such: the mRNA template provides the sequence of codons, each codon matches with an anticodon on an aminoacyl-tRNA, and this interaction specifies the incorporation of an amino acid into the growing polypeptide chain. The mRNA template, ribosomes, tRNA, and various enzymatic factors work together to produce a new protein in a highly orchestrated manner that is fundamental to the function and regulation of living cells.