Final answer:
Pesticides that have a low water solubility, are strongly adsorbed to soil particles, and have a long persistence are more likely to move into groundwater.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pesticides which have a low water solubility are more likely to move into groundwater. When a pesticide has low water solubility, it means that it does not easily dissolve in water and can remain in its original form for longer periods of time. Therefore, it has a higher chance of being transported through the soil and eventually reaching groundwater sources.
Pesticides which are strongly adsorbed to soil particles are also more likely to move into groundwater. Adsorption refers to the process by which pesticides bind or stick to soil particles, preventing them from being washed away by rainfall or irrigation. However, if the pesticide is strongly adsorbed, it can be carried along with soil particles as they move through the soil, potentially reaching groundwater sources.
Pesticides that have a long persistence in the environment are also more likely to move into groundwater. Persistence refers to how long a pesticide remains active and present in the environment without breaking down. If a pesticide has a long persistence, it has a greater opportunity to be transported through the soil and reach groundwater sources.
Therefore, the correct answer is d. Both b and c, as pesticides that are strongly adsorbed to soil particles and have a long persistence are more likely to move into groundwater.