Final answer:
A pest can be anything that competes with humans, injures humans or desirable plants, spreads disease, or annoys humans. Pesticides are used to control pests but have potential risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
A pest can be anything that competes with humans, domestic animals or desirable plants for food or water, injures humans, animals, desirable plants, structures, or possessions, spreads disease to humans, domestic animals, wildlife, or desirable plants, or annoys humans or domestic animals. Therefore, the correct answer is option e. All of the above. Pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, birds, mammals, fish, and microbes. Pesticides are chemicals or biological agents used to control pests, but they also have drawbacks such as potential toxicity to humans and other species.