Final answer:
Douglas Massey argues that the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 led to an increase in illegal one-way immigration of Mexicans to the U.S. by making it harder for back-and-forth travel, leading to more permanent settlements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the topic of illegal one-way immigration of Mexicans to the United States, a phenomenon that was impacted by the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Sociologist Douglas Massey suggests that the policy intended to reduce illegal immigration has inadvertently made permanent migration more commonplace, as the increased border security has made back-and-forth travel more difficult. This suggests that policies affecting immigration patterns can have unintended consequences, contributing to a rise in permanent settlements rather than temporary or occasional visits.