Final answer:
Postformal thought is the term used to describe the way adults solve problems by integrating past experiences, logical reasoning, and the weighing of benefits and costs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The idea that problem solving in adulthood has to consider previous experiences, logical thinking, and the relative benefits and costs to a decision is known as postformal thought. This type of cognition is characteristic of adult problem-solving, where decisions are based not only on logic but also on personal experiences and emotions. Adults distinguish themselves from adolescents by integrating these complex elements when solving problems, understanding that different contexts require different solutions.
In postformal thinking, individuals may use strategies that vary depending on the situation, indicating a more adaptive and nuanced understanding of problem-solving compared to the more abstract, logical reasoning seen in formal operational thought typically developed in adolescence. Rational thinking and consideration of the value of perceived benefits versus costs are key components of adult problem-solving.
Utilizing insights from past experiences and applying different strategies in various contexts highlight the flexible and contextual nature of postformal thought. This approach to problem-solving is particularly relevant when dealing with emotionally charged issues or in situations that require weighing multiple perspectives and potential outcomes.