Final answer:
The structural-functional approach to aging includes theories such as disengagement theory and activity theory, which deal with the roles of elderly in society and personal fulfillment in old age, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structural-functional approach to aging involves the role of elders in terms of the functioning of society as a whole. One of the theories within the structural-functional approach to aging is disengagement theory, which implies that withdrawing from societal roles is a natural part of aging. Another theory is the activity theory, which suggests that maintaining activities and social involvement are essential for satisfaction in old age. The concepts of disengagement and activity theories contrast with one another, as the former embraces the idea of withdrawal for elderly freedom and adaptation, while the latter emphasizes continued engagement for happiness and fulfillment.
According to activity theory, elders should strive to find new, meaningful activities to replace those they could not continue with to sustain a sense of purpose and happiness. Critics, however, note that not everyone desires or has equal access to social opportunities, and that the quality of informal activities may play a more significant role in life satisfaction for some individuals.