Final answer:
The correct answer is option C. superego.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the mind described by Freud as being like a type of conscience that punishes misbehavior with feelings of guilt is the superego. In Freud's structural model of the psyche, the superego acts as our moral compass, striving for perfection and judging our behavior, which can lead to feelings of pride or guilt. In contrast, the id is driven by the pleasure principle, seeking instant gratification, and the ego operates on the reality principle, balancing the demands of the id and superego within the context of reality.
When the superego's norms are not met, it can result in feelings of guilt. Thus, a person with a dominant superego might experience strong feelings of guilt and may deny themselves even socially acceptable pleasures.
The ego's job is to find a balance between the id's desires and the superego's moral standards, facilitating a healthy personality balance.