Final answer:
The increase in female arrest rates with more women in the labor market suggests that changes in social structure impact female criminality. However, a comprehensive understanding requires considering socio-economic factors and the role of the criminal justice system in either perpetuating or mitigating these disparities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The evidence that shows that the number of women who commit crimes is related to social structure can be seen in several ways, including changes in female arrest rates and the social consequences of such changes. Notably, option d suggests that female arrest rates have increased as women have gained more presence in the labor market, reflecting broader changes in societal roles and opportunities for women. Additionally, crime and demographic statistics have shown a connection between social factors, such as education, and crime rates. This indicates that social structure and the disparities therein, including those based on gender, can influence criminal behavior. Furthermore, it is important to recognize the intersectionality of gender with race and ethnicity, as imprisonment rates also show disparities among different demographic groups.
However, increasing female arrest rates alone do not provide a full picture of the relationship between social structure and female criminality. It's also crucial to understand the socio-economic context, including factors such as poverty, education, and race, which can all contribute to criminal behavior and the likelihood of being arrested and convicted. The role of the criminal justice system in either exacerbating or mitigating these disparities must also be considered. The wider discussion includes critique from economists and sociologists regarding how criminal justice policies might perpetuate social inequalities.