Final answer:
Species of the stick insect genus Timema that reproduce without a mate do so through parthenogenesis, a form of asexual reproduction resulting in offspring that are genetically similar to the mother.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that best describes the species of the stick insect genus Timema that are entirely female and can lay fertile eggs without a mate is called parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized. Different species may result in haploid or diploid offspring, depending on their reproductive mechanisms. For instance, honeybees use parthenogenesis to produce haploid males, while in the stick insects mentioned, the offspring are female like their single parent.