Final answer:
The specific year when the Board of Massage allowed native practitioners to be certified by the Hawaiian Medical Board, Papa Ola Lokahi, or community health centers is not provided in the reference materials, so the question cannot be accurately answered without additional research.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks when the Board of Massage began allowing native practitioners to be certified by the Hawaiian Medical Board, Papa Ola Lokahi, or by the various community health centers. However, the provided reference materials do not contain the specific year that this policy change occurred.
Therefore, it is not possible to accurately answer this question without further research into the specific history of massage licensing policies in Hawaii.
For context, the historical relationship between Native Hawaiians and the various forces that influenced the governance and lifestyle in Hawaii is substantial.
The Great Māhele in 1848 and the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893 significantly altered the ownership of land and the political power structure, affecting all aspects of Hawaiian life.
These events have had long-lasting effects, including influencing the ways in which native and traditional practices have been recognized and regulated by subsequent governing bodies such as the Hawaiian Medical Board or Papa Ola Lokahi.