Final answer:
Model organisms are nonhuman species used in the laboratory to study biological phenomena, aiming to gain insights applicable to humans. They include E. coli, mice, fruit flies, and other species, and are essential in understanding diseases and developing treatments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The image is depicting organisms that researchers often use in the laboratory, which are called model organisms. Model organisms are nonhuman species extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made will provide insights into human biology. They allow for a better understanding of disease processes and the development of treatments without harming humans. Examples of model organisms include bacteria like Escherichia coli (E. coli), the mouse Mus musculus, and other species like fruit flies and nematodes.
Researchers choose model organisms based on their similarity to human physiology and their ease of use in a laboratory setting. These organisms often have well-understood genetics, shorter life cycles for rapid study of genetic and developmental changes, and are usually more ethically feasible to research on than actual human subjects.
The use of model organisms is pivotal in advancing our understanding of complex biological processes and in developing medical interventions. Organisms like E. coli and mice have been instrumental in studying disease outbreaks and diet-induced obesity, respectively, providing critical insights into human health issues.