Final answer:
To determine the differences between two proteins, compare and contrast their amino acid sequences using molecular databases and tools like BLAST. Homologous and analogous traits distinction is crucial in phylogenetics. Techniques like PCR and DNA sequencing help characterize protein differences and understand their functional impact.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine how two proteins differ from one another, the most helpful problem-solving strategy is c. Compare and contrast. This method allows for the analysis of the amino acid sequences and structural features of each protein to pinpoint differences. Molecular databases can be accessed to obtain protein or DNA sequences. Common tools like BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) are essential for comparing these sequences to find similarities and differences.
In the context of AP Biology, further understanding of evolutionary relationships is obtained by constructing cladograms using gene sequence data. Homologous traits are those inherited from a common ancestor, while analogous traits evolve independently; identifying these is critical for accurate phylogenetic trees. Techniques such as microarray analysis, protein variant visualization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA sequencing are valuable in characterizing protein differences and understanding their functional implications.
Finally, the substitution of even one amino acid in a polypeptide can drastically affect protein function, demonstrating the importance of detailed sequence comparison in understanding molecular biology and genetics.