Final answer:
The genetic code directs the order of amino acids in a protein based on the nucleotide sequence of DNA, with each triplet of bases (codon) corresponding to a specific amino acid. The correct answer to the multiple-choice question is 'b. amino acids'. The genetic code is nearly universal across all forms of life.
Step-by-step explanation:
The genetic code directs the order of amino acids within a polypeptide based on the sequence of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. The code is read in groups of three nucleotides known as codons, each of which corresponds to a specific amino acid or a start/stop signal during the process of protein synthesis. With the exception of a few organisms and organelles, this genetic code is nearly universal, meaning it is the same across all organisms from viruses to humans.
A specific example of codon sequences in DNA is ATC/GTT/GAA/CTG/TAG/GAT/AAA, where each triplet represents a unique code for an amino acid. A segment of DNA such as this one is transcribed into mRNA, which then undergoes translation to link amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein. The sequence of these codons in mRNA determines the precise order of amino acids in the resulting protein.
To summarize, the answers to the multiple-choice question are as follows: a. nucleic acids are incorrect as they form the basis of the genetic code itself, not the result of its translation; b. amino acids is correct because the genetic code specifies the sequence of amino acids in proteins; c. fatty acids are incorrect as they are not encoded by the genetic code but are a component of cell membranes and function in energy storage.