Final answer:
Option (c), The endoplasmic reticulum (SER) controls the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol and is involved in lipid synthesis and ion storage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelle important for controlling the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol is the endoplasmic reticulum, specifically the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The SER stores calcium ions and releases them into the cytosol when needed. This function is crucial for various cellular processes including muscle contractions, cell signaling, and enzyme activities. The smooth ER also engages in the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids and cholesterol, and steroid hormones, as well as in detoxification of medications and poisons.
In plant cells, the functions of lysosomes are carried out by vacuoles, which are involved in both the storage and breakdown of materials. The nucleus is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers and is known as the control center of the cell, storing genetic instructions for manufacturing proteins.
Another organelle, the mitochondria, often referred to as the 'power plants' of the cell, are responsible for producing the cell's supply of ATP, the energy currency, through biochemical reactions. Lysosomes and peroxisomes are classified as types of organelles that recycle worn-out organelles and detoxify certain chemicals, respectively. The interplay and functional connectivity of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes highlight the complexity and interconnectedness of the cellular organelle system.