Final answer:
The mutation in the tRNA anticodon sequence 5'-UAU would likely cause a substitution of lysine for isoleucine during protein synthesis because the mutated anticodon would pair with codons intended for isoleucine instead of lysine.
Step-by-step explanation:
In answering the question of which aberration in protein synthesis might be caused by a mutation in the tRNA for the amino acid lysine resulting in the anticodon sequence 5'-UAU, we must consider the genetic code and how tRNA anticodons match with mRNA codons during translation. Normally, for lysine, the codon is AAA, and the corresponding anticodon is UUU. If the anticodon is mutated to UAU, it will now pair with the codon AUA, which normally codes for isoleucine. Therefore, the mutation would likely cause a substitution of lysine for isoleucine in the protein being synthesized, as the altered tRNA carrying lysine would wrongly pair with codons intended for isoleucine.
This is known as a substitution mutation, which can cause a different amino acid to be incorporated into the protein, potentially altering its function or leading to a non-functional protein. However, it is not related to the reading through of stop codons, substituting lysine for tyrosine, or substituting lysine for phenylalanine, as those would involve different codons.