Final answer:
The function of RecA protein in E. coli recombination is to promote strand invasion and formation of the D loop, assisting in the repair of DNA breaks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The function of the RecA protein in E. coli recombination is best described as promoting strand invasion and the formation of the D loop. The RecA protein facilitates the repair of both single-stranded and double-stranded breaks in DNA. It binds to single-stranded DNA to form a nucleoprotein filament, which then invades homologous double-stranded DNA during replication or repair processes. This action is crucial as it helps in accurate DNA repair, thus maintaining the integrity of the genome.
RecA is conserved across various species, indicating its evolutionary importance in DNA repair. Its homologs, such as Rad51 in eukaryotes, highlight the vital role of these proteins in maintaining genetic integrity and diversity across species. RecA and its homologs do not directly resolve Holliday junctions into separate chromosomes; this task is performed by other specialized enzymes or proteins.