Final answer:
Phage T2 infection leads to the degradation of host cell DNA through the lytic cycle, where the phage replicates and then destroys the cell; this is in contrast to the lysogenic cycle where the phage DNA integrates into the host genome and can remain dormant.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Phage T2 infection of a bacterial cell is accompanied by degradation of host cell DNA is true. During the lytic cycle of the bacteriophage, the phage takes over the host cell, reproduces, and ultimately leads to the destruction of the bacterial cell. Specifically, the T-even phage, which includes phage T2, is an example of a virulent phage, and infection by such phages results in the death of the host cell. As part of the lytic cycle, the phage genome is injected into the bacterial cell, utilizing the host's machinery for replicating the phage DNA and manufacturing new phage particles, leading to eventual lysis (destruction) of the bacterial cell and release of new phages.
The lytic cycle can be contrasted to the lysogenic cycle, where phage DNA is incorporated into the host genome and the virus may enter a latency period under unfavorable conditions. However, it is not always the case that an environmental stressor causes the initiation of the lysogenic cycle; stress can trigger the switch from the lysogenic cycle to the lytic cycle, leading to the lytic event and death of the host cell.