Final answer:
The parietal lobe is located behind the frontal lobe in the brain and is involved in processing sensory information like touch and temperature, as well as body orientation and movement through the somatosensory cortex.
Step-by-step explanation:
The brain's parietal lobe is located immediately behind the frontal lobe, playing a crucial role in integrating sensory information from various parts of the body. This includes the sensations of touch, temperature, and pain. Within the parietal lobe is the somatosensory cortex, an area known for processing this sensory data. The somatosensory cortex has a unique feature where different regions are dedicated to sensations from different parts of the body, corresponding in size to the sensitivity and nerve density of those body parts. The parietal lobe also helps in processing proprioception and kinesthesia, which are the awareness of body position and movement, respectively.
Neurons in the parietal lobe play a part in various functions, including speech and reading, and are involved in the complex processing of somatosensation, which encompasses sensations like pressure, heat, and cold, and proprioception, which provides a sense of how different parts of the body are oriented in space. This lobes carries a somatosensory map, mirroring the motor cortex layout, indicating the importance of this region in our interaction with the world around us.