Final answer:
The curved, transparent structure that provides additional focus and is attached to muscles that can change its shape is known as the lens of the eye. It adjusts its shape to focus light on the retina for clear vision at different distances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure described in the question is the lens of the eye, which is a curved, transparent structure that focuses light on the retina. The eyes' muscles control its shape, thus changing its focal length to focus light from both near and distant objects. This focusing ability allows us to clearly see objects at various distances.
The lens works in conjunction with the cornea to bend or refract light towards the retina, where photoreceptor cells, such as rods for low light and cones for bright light and color detection, convert the light signals into nerve impulses.
These impulses are then sent to the brain via the optic nerve, which processes the visual information.
The curved, transparent structure that serves to provide additional focus and is attached to muscles that can change its shape to aid in focusing light that is reflected from near or far objects is called the lens of the eye.