Final answer:
Nubia experienced cultural assimilation and Egyptianization after being conquered by Egypt, balancing Egyptian influences with its own traditions. As a result, architecture, art, and religious practices saw significant Egyptian influence but sustained a uniquely Nubian character, especially evident when Nubia ruled over Egypt during the 25th Dynasty. The introduction of Christianity later transformed the political and spiritual landscape of Nubia.
Step-by-step explanation:
After conquest by Egypt, Nubia underwent significant cultural, religious, and political changes as it assimilated many Egyptian aspects while maintaining its unique identity. During Egypt's New Kingdom, the region saw a further Egyptianization, with New Kingdom pharaohs asserting control through the construction of Egyptian-style architecture and the promotion of Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Despite becoming thoroughly Egyptianized in culture and religious traditions, Nubian leaders, particularly during the 25th Dynasty, embraced Egyptian culture as a means to establish legitimacy and strengthen their rule. The conversion of Nubia to Christianity marked a major shift as rulers were no longer seen as divine and their religious authority was handed over to Christian bishops, aligning Nubia with the Coptic Church even after Egypt's conversion to Islam.
Trade played a critical role throughout Nubian history, with its relationship with Egypt being affected by trade, military conflicts, and takeover attempts such as those by Assyria. Nubian culture exhibited resilience and adaptability, blending Egyptian characteristics with local Nubian traditions to create a distinctive cultural synthesis.