Final answer:
Chemical exposure can affect the lungs and other target organs including the liver, kidneys, and nervous system, leading to short-term and long-term health effects such as respiratory symptoms, organ damage, and increased risk of lung cancer and kidney problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
In addition to chemical exposure directly damaging the lungs, other organs can also be affected by harmful substances. Once chemicals have entered the body, they can move into the bloodstream and reach internal target organs such as the liver, kidneys, and the nervous system. Chemicals may be absorbed through the skin, inhaled into the lungs, or ingested. Different substances can cause a variety of health problems depending on the route of exposure.
Short-term chemical exposures can aggravate existing heart or lung diseases, leading to respiratory symptoms, increased medication use, hospital admissions, emergency department (ED) visits, and even premature mortality. On the other hand, long-term exposures can contribute to the development of new heart or lung diseases, which also lead to premature mortality. Numerous cancer-causing chemicals, such as those found in cigarette smoke, radon gas, asbestos, and certain air pollutants, increase the risk of developing lung cancer among other diseases.
Additionally, inhaling substances like cadmium-laden dust can lead to respiratory tract and kidney problems, which can be fatal. Ingestion of harmful chemicals can lead to immediate poisoning and significant damage to the liver and bones, along with the kidneys.