Question

A patient with ESKD is scheduled to begin hemodialysis. The nurse is working with the patient to adapt the patients diet to maximize the therapeutic effect and minimize the risks of complications. The patients diet should include which of the following modifications? Select all that apply.

A) Decreased protein intake
B) Decreased sodium intake
C) Increased potassium intake
D) Fluid restriction
E) Vitamin D supplementation

Answer 1

In adapting their diet for hemodialysis, an ESKD patient should decrease protein and sodium intake, restrict fluids, and possibly supplement with Vitamin D. Increased potassium intake is typically not advised due to the risk of hyperkalemia.

Step-by-step explanation:

A patient with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) scheduled to begin hemodialysis should adapt their diet to reduce risks and maximize the therapy's effect. Major dietary modifications include:

• Decreased protein intake: This helps to limit the accumulation of urea and other nitrogenous wastes that the kidneys can no longer process effectively.
• Decreased sodium intake: Low sodium helps manage blood pressure and fluid retention, both issues in patients undergoing dialysis.
• Fluid restriction: Since the kidneys cannot remove excess fluid efficiently, limiting fluid intake is crucial to prevent fluid overload and related complications.
• Vitamin D supplementation: Kidney dysfunction often leads to issues with bone metabolism, and Vitamin D supplementation can help maintain bone health.

Increased potassium intake is generally not recommended as impaired kidneys cannot effectively remove excess potassium, which can lead to dangerous levels in the blood.