Final answer:
Strategic plans have a strong external orientation option (c) and usually span over several years, with development led by top executives, not frontline managers. These plans guide resource allocation and respond to external market conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing strategic planning, strategic plans indeed have a strong external orientation. These plans typically span over several years, rather than just a few months, and are developed by top executives or managerial staff with a broad perspective on the company's direction and the competitive landscape.
Frontline managers are typically not responsible for creating strategic plans, as they are more involved in day-to-day operational tasks and short-term goals. Long-term strategic planning is critical as it guides decisions on resource allocation, competitive actions, and adaptations to changing market conditions.
It involves considering a variety of external factors, including economic trends, competitor actions, and shifts in consumer preferences.