Final answer:
A special session of the state legislature can typically be convened by the governor, or in some cases, the authority is shared with the legislative branch. These sessions are for a limited duration and only address specific issues. The governor may call special sessions for urgent matters or the legislature may call for a national convention to propose amendments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The convening of a special session of the state legislature can vary based on the specific rules and regulations of each state. Typically, special sessions can be convened by the governor and, in some states, this authority is shared with the legislative branch. These sessions have a limited duration and can only address topics designated by the governor or legislative authority calling the session. Major reasons for convening such sessions include addressing budgetary issues, acting upon redistricting plans, or dealing with urgent matters that require immediate legislative attention.
For instance, the governor can call a special session outside the regular legislative cycle, which in some states occurs every two years. Legislatively called sessions might be prompted by two-thirds of the legislatures in response to issues like a national convention for proposing constitutional amendments. However, it's important to note that there has never been a national convention called by this method to date.
It is essential for those interested in government and the legislative process to understand how and why special sessions are called, as they are crucial tools for responsive and timely governance.