Final answer:
The exact percentage of state legislators that are members of ALEC cannot be determined from the information provided. However, in terms of gender and ethnic representation, women held 30.6% of state legislator positions in the U.S. in 2021, while African Americans and Latinos were underrepresented in state legislatures as compared to their population percentages.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and its claimed membership among state legislators in the United States. Unfortunately, there isn't enough information provided in the context to answer this specific question with any of the percentages listed (5%, 20%, or 40%) accurately. However, discussing representation in legislatures, as an example, we know that in 2021, women made up about 30.6% of the nation's state legislators. Also, in terms of ethnic minority representation, African Americans constituted 9.3% and Latinos 4.4% of state legislators in 2019, with both groups being underrepresented compared to their share of the population.
Most ordinary laws require a simple majority to pass. For many legislative bodies, this is a 50% + 1 vote of those present and voting. Regarding the nature of state legislatures, they can be categorized as either 'professional' or 'citizen' legislatures based on factors such as salaries, session length, and staff size.