Final answer:
True, the relevance of information is highly contextual. The amplitude of one wave is affected by the amplitude of another through interference, not just when aligned. Scientific theories do not become laws due to longevity; instead, laws describe phenomena while theories provide explanations. There are two types of wave interference: constructive and destructive.
Step-by-step explanation:
Information Context and Relevance
The answer to the statement that information can be relevant in one context and irrelevant in another is A. True. Relevance is subjective and depends greatly on the context in which the information is used. For example, facts about the average rainfall in the Amazon might be relevant for a geography project but irrelevant for a history essay on the Roman Empire.
Wave Amplitude and Interference
Regarding whether the amplitude of one wave is affected by the amplitude of another wave only when they are precisely aligned, the correct answer is b. False. Waves can affect each other's amplitudes through the phenomenon of interference, regardless of whether they are perfectly aligned, as long as they meet or overlap at some point.
Probability and Events
Answering whether sport and age are independent events: A. True, because the likelihood of engaging in a sport does not necessarily depend on age. For the statement "P(Snowboard OR age 0-10) < P(Snowboard|age 0-10)", this is true if snowboarding is uncommon for that age group and hence, the probability of either being true is less than the conditional probability. In probability theory, events like "ski and age 11-20" can be mutually exclusive if they do not occur simultaneously - B is false if some skiers are indeed in that age range. The notation P(event) means the probability of the event, and P(A|B) means the probability of A given B has occurred.
Scientific Method and Theory
The statement that when a theory has been known for a long time it becomes a law is b. False. Theories and laws serve different purposes in science. A law describes an observed phenomenon, whereas a theory provides the explanatory framework for it. The duration a theory has been known does not transform it into a law.
Types of Wave Interference
a. True is the correct answer to the question of whether there are two types of interference for waves, which are constructive and destructive interferences.