Question

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria may be confirmed via flow cytometry, which detects a lack of CD-55 and CD-59. Other than flow cytometry, what other method can be used to confirm Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?

1) Blood smear examination
2) Urinalysis
3) Genetic testing
4) Bone marrow biopsy

Answer 1

Other than flow cytometry, other methods to confirm Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) include blood smear examination, urinalysis, genetic testing, and bone marrow biopsy.

Step-by-step explanation:

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) can be confirmed using a variety of methods other than flow cytometry. These include:

• Blood smear examination: This test allows for the observation of abnormalities in red blood cells, such as their shape and size, which can be indicative of PNH.
• Urinalysis: Presence of hemoglobinuria (excessive excretion of hemoglobin in urine) can be observed in PNH patients.
• Genetic testing: DNA analysis can identify mutations in the PIGA gene, which is responsible for producing proteins that protect red blood cells from complement-mediated destruction in PNH.
• Bone marrow biopsy: This procedure involves taking a small sample of bone marrow to assess the presence of abnormal cells and determine the severity of PNH.