Final answer:
Plasma cells with their characteristic 'clock-face' chromatin pattern and eccentric nucleus are specialized B lymphocytes that play a key role in immune response, producing antibodies. They are eukaryotic cells with organelles and a well-defined nucleus that houses the chromosomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of cell that has a "clock-face" chromatin distribution and an eccentric nucleus is typically a plasma cell. Plasma cells are specialized forms of B lymphocytes that produce antibodies and are characterized by their distinctive nucleus and cytoplasmic morphology. The eccentric nucleus means that the nucleus is not centrally located in the cell, but pushed to one side, which is common in plasma cells. This eccentric positioning of the nucleus often results in a 'clock-face' appearance due to the pattern of chromatin distribution across the nucleus, where the chromatin clumps at the edge of the nucleus, giving it a 'spoked wheel' appearance in the light microscope. This morphology is indicative of the active role plasma cells play in the immune response, as they are responsible for the secretion of large amounts of specific antibodies.
In contrast to prokaryotic cells, which do not contain a well-defined nucleus or organelles, eukaryotic cells like plasma cells have multiple chromosomes housed within a nucleus and contain diverse organelles. The cell morphology is influenced by many factors, which include the primary function and organization of the cytoskeleton. During the cell cycle, mitotic events can dramatically reorganize cell structures such as chromosomes, contributing to various cell shapes and distributions of cellular components.