Final answer:
The correct answer is option b. Flinching when you see the class bully.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is asking about the concept of classical conditioning, which is a type of learning in psychology where a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, thereby acquiring the capacity to elicit a similar response. Looking at the options, the example of a conditioned stimulus-response sequence would be flinching when you see the class bully.
This is because, over time, the presence of the bully (neutral) has been associated with negative experiences (unconditioned stimulus), which is why the sight of the bully now elicits a response of flinching (conditioned response) as a protective or defensive mechanism.