Final answer:
The conditions for natural selection to occur include variation among individuals, competition for resources, and production of more offspring than can survive; these are all necessary, not exceptions.
Step-by-step explanation:
To demonstrate evolution by natural selection, all of the following conditions must be satisfied EXCEPT:
- Variation of traits among individuals
- Competition for limited resources
- More offspring are produced than can survive
The correct answer to this question is 'All of the above' because all these conditions are necessary for natural selection to occur. For natural selection to take place, there must be variation among individuals in a population, competition for resources due to a higher number of offspring than can survive, and the transmission of genetically based traits.
This process is directly in contrast to genetic equilibrium, where no evolution occurs because conditions such as no mutation, no migration, a very large population size, random mating, and no natural selection are met, which are rare in nature.
Natural selection results in the adaptation of species over time, favoring the reproduction of individuals with genetic traits that are beneficial for survival within their environment.