Final answer:
The Free Soil Party is a splinter party formed in 1848 to oppose the expansion of slavery, and it originated from anti-slavery elements in both the Whig and Democratic parties, including the Liberty Party. The Right to Life Party is likely a single-issue party focused on anti-abortion policies and the protection of the 'right to life.' Both represent distinct types of minor parties within the U.S. political landscape.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Free Soil Party and the Right to Life Party are examples of minor parties in the United States' political history. The Free Soil Party, which originated in 1848, firmly stood against the expansion of slavery into new territories. It was created from a coalition of anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, as well as members of the earlier Liberty Party. It focused on ensuring that white laborers would not have to compete with enslaved people in the new territories, evidenced by their slogan 'Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men.' This aligns them with what is known as a splinter party, which are offshoots of a major party organized around a specific cause.
Less historically detailed about the Right to Life Party, but given its nomenclature and the typical ideological stances such parties take within U.S. politics, it is likely to be a single-issue party. Single-issue parties are political groups that center on one major public policy matter, which, for the Right to Life Party, would ostensibly be opposition to abortion and the protection of the 'right to life.'