Final answer:
The series of churches intended as a model of the Christian Holy Land were constructed in Pisa, Italy, by builders associated with the Pisan navy after the First Crusade, reflecting the crusading aspirations to physically manifest the Holy Land in Europe.
Step-by-step explanation:
The series of churches built as a model of the Christian Holy Land were primarily a result of the efforts by the Christians of the Latin West during the Crusades starting in the late 11th century. After participating in the First Crusade, the Pisan navy played a crucial role in constructing such a complex in Pisa, Italy. This construction included a domed baptistery intended to mirror the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and the Camposanto, with earth brought from the Holy Land, possibly imagining the complex as a virtual Holy Land.
An example of a privately initiated construction is the Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio in Palermo, also known as the Martorana, built by George of Antioch for the Greek- and Arab-Christian communities. The Martorana featured mosaics and other aesthetic choices inspired by Christian sites such as King Roger II's Cappella Palatina and Classical imperial lineage buildings, like the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and San Vitale in Ravenna.